Managerial Economics Full Notes Pondiuni Pdf

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perspective of the economy as a whole ( macro in nature). 6. It helps to find optimal solution to the business problems (problem solving). Managerial Economics.

directs all economic activity and takes the full risks, and is the sole proprietor. b) Partnership: In partnership firm, two, three or more people join together.

Business, Retail Management Tourism. (2012-13 batch only). Paper II – MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS. Time : Three hours. Maximum : 100 marks. PART A - (5 x 6.

evaluation for subjects is 40:60 while it is fully internal for the workshop based . Economics, Micro Economics and managerial economics.

Managerial Economics full notes pondiuni pdf. Managerial economics is a stream of management studies which emphasises solving business problems and.

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question papers pondiuni edu in. total no of questions 04 total no of printed pages. managerial economics mba 1 semester examination papers pdf. exam 2007 COMMERCE FIRST PAPER Managerial Economics Full Marks.

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May 7, Email: director.dde@pondiuni.edu.in. Office : 0413- . i.e. in June 2019 and December 2019 examination sessions in order to complete the course and qualify . Pondicherry University. . MBAC1002 Managerial Economics.

Macroeconomists study historical trend in the whole economy and forecast future trends in areas . MSc (Financial Economics) MSc (Agri-business Economics) MSc . Pondicherry University, Central University, Pondicherry- 605 014(2-year.

NPV vs IRR (any three):

NPV gives value in ₹, while IRR gives a % rate.
NPV accepts if NPV > 0; IRR accepts if IRR ≥ cost of capital.
NPV is directly linked to wealth maximisation; IRR can face issues like multiple IRRs in non-normal cash flows.

Both consider TVM.

Factors affecting pricing (any six):

Cost of production (fixed and variable).
Demand conditions and elasticity.
Competition and substitute products.
Market structure (degree of pricing power).
Government policy (taxes, price control).
Product life cycle stage.
Brand positioning and perceived value.
Distribution margins and discounts.

A good price considers cost, demand and competition together.

In the short run, at least one factor is fixed, so costs are divided into fixed and variable parts.

Total Fixed Cost (TFC): remains constant with output (rent, plant maintenance).
Total Variable Cost (TVC): changes with output (raw material, power).
Total Cost (TC): TC = TFC + TVC.

Average costs:

AFC = TFC/Q: continuously falls as output increases because fixed cost is spread over more units.
AVC = TVC/Q: typically U-shaped due to the law of variable proportions (initial efficiency then diminishing returns).
AC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC: also U-shaped because it depends mainly on AVC and AFC together.

Marginal Cost:

MC = ΔTC/ΔQ (or ΔTVC/ΔQ): extra cost of producing one more unit. MC is also U-shaped due to increasing then diminishing marginal returns in production.

Why U-shape?

At low output, better utilisation and specialisation reduce costs (MC/AVC fall).
After a point, diminishing returns raise additional cost (MC rises), and AVC/AC also rise.

Thus short-run cost curves help managers understand cost behaviour and plan output.

NPV vs IRR (any three):

NPV gives value in ₹, while IRR gives a % rate.
NPV accepts if NPV > 0; IRR accepts if IRR ≥ cost of capital.
NPV is directly linked to wealth maximisation; IRR can face issues like multiple IRRs in non-normal cash flows.

Both consider TVM.

Factors affecting pricing (any six):

Cost of production (fixed and variable).
Demand conditions and elasticity.
Competition and substitute products.
Market structure (degree of pricing power).
Government policy (taxes, price control).
Product life cycle stage.
Brand positioning and perceived value.
Distribution margins and discounts.

A good price considers cost, demand and competition together.

In the short run, at least one factor is fixed, so costs are divided into fixed and variable parts.

Total Fixed Cost (TFC): remains constant with output (rent, plant maintenance).
Total Variable Cost (TVC): changes with output (raw material, power).
Total Cost (TC): TC = TFC + TVC.

Average costs:

AFC = TFC/Q: continuously falls as output increases because fixed cost is spread over more units.
AVC = TVC/Q: typically U-shaped due to the law of variable proportions (initial efficiency then diminishing returns).
AC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC: also U-shaped because it depends mainly on AVC and AFC together.

Marginal Cost:

MC = ΔTC/ΔQ (or ΔTVC/ΔQ): extra cost of producing one more unit. MC is also U-shaped due to increasing then diminishing marginal returns in production.

Why U-shape?

At low output, better utilisation and specialisation reduce costs (MC/AVC fall).
After a point, diminishing returns raise additional cost (MC rises), and AVC/AC also rise.

Thus short-run cost curves help managers understand cost behaviour and plan output.

Managerial Economics full notes pondiuni pdf

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